Teeth is a small organs located in the oral cavity, which are used to break down food.  Each tooth has its own name: central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, first premolar, second premolar, first molar second molar and third molar (also known as «a wisdom tooth»).

Incisors are used to bite off food and molars are for chewing. Humans usually have 20 primary teeth (also called deciduous, baby, or milk teeth) and 32 permanent teeth.   In primary occlusion there are no second premolar, second  molar and third molar.

Enamel

Enamel is the hardest and most highly mineralized substance in the body. 96% of enamel consists of mineral, 4%-of water and organic substance. Enamel plays a protective function and aesthetic.

Dentinum

Dentin is the substance between the enamel and the pulp chamber. This substance is a yellow colour and consists of 70% inorganic materials, 20% organic materials, and 10% water. Because it is softer than enamel, caries spreads more rapidly in dentin.

Cementum

Cementum is a specialized bony substance covering the root of a tooth.  It consists of 45% inorganic material, 33% organic material (mainly collagen) and 22% water. It is yellow and it is softer than either dentin or enamel. The principal role of cementum is to serve as a medium by which the periodontal ligaments can attach to the tooth for stability. Cementum covers the root from neck to apex.

Pulp

The dental pulp is the central part of the tooth filled with soft connective tissue. This tissue contains blood vessels and nerves. When tooth decay reaches the pulp area it is called pulpitis. Pulpitis –inflammation of the pulp chamber and is a very painful process.